Chapter 14 Workplace Quality Measures IT Code 402 NCERT Solution
Unit 4: Maintain Healthy, Safe, and Secure Working Environment
A. Multiple-choice questions.
Question 1:
To provide healthy and safety working environment, every organisation must have ______.
(a) Cleanliness
(b) Filtered water
(c) Clean wash-room
(d) All of the above
Answer: (d) All of the above
Question 2:
Air pollution is mostly caused by production of the _____ in the surrounding air.
(a) dust
(b) mixture of solid particles
(c) gases
(d) All of above
Answer: (d) All of above
Question 3:
Repetitive use of muscle may feel pain in your ________.
(a) neck
(b) shoulder
(c) wrist or fingers
(d) All of the above
Answer: (a) All of these
Question 4:
The security department organisation is not responsible for ______.
(a) other safety
(b) computer system safety
(c) electrical safety
(d) transport safety
Answer: (a) other safety
Note: This department should be responsible for various security such as personal safety, computer system safety, electrical safety, transport safety, and other equipment safety.
Question 5:
For an organisation, the proper security procedures will reduce ____.
(a) liabilities
(b) insurance
(c) business revenue
(d) operational charges of the company
Answer: (a), (b) and (d)
Note: The proper security procedures will reduce liabilities, insurance
and compensation for organisation. This will increase the business revenue and will reduce the operational charges of the company.
Question 6:
Do not wear _____ when working with machines.
(a) jewellery
(b) safety glasses
(c) masks
(d) gloves
Answer: (a) jewellery
Note: Do not wear loose clothing or jewellery when working with machines.
Question 7:
Sore lower back is caused due to _____.
(a) reaching forward frequently
(b) no lumbar support
(c) no upper back support from chair
(d) reaching forward for long periods
Answer: (b) no lumbar support
Question 8:
What should you do with the problem of dry eyes?
(a) Forget to blink
(b) Rest eyes periodically and do simple eye exercises
(c) Do exercise
(d) Blink the eyes
Answer: (b) Rest eyes periodically and do simple eye exercises
Note: Dry eyes happens when you forget to blink.
Question 9:
If light is coming directly behind or in front of you then you may suffer from _____.
(a) eye strain
(b) sore eyes
(c) dry eyes
(d) eye strain and sore eyes
Answer: (d) eye strain and sore eyes
Unit 4. Maintain Healthy, Safe and Secure Working Environment
Chapter 14 Workplace Quality Measures
B. Fill in the blanks.
Question 1:
Air and water pollution can be analysed by using – physical, _____ and ______ analysis.
Answer: chemical ,biological
Question 2:
The PH value of the water can be measured through _____ analysis.
Answer: chemical
Question 3:
The _____ indicators are used to monitor the health of the ecosystem.
Answer: microbial
Question 4:
Ergonomics is the science concerned with _____ and arranging things.
Answer: designing
Question 5:
Working with wrists extended too much repetition can cause _____.
Answer: arching wrists
Question 6:
The repetition of a seemingly _____ task over a while can cause an injury.
Answer: innocuous
Question 7:
If a cord or wire will cross a pathway safety it should be mark it with _____.
Answer: hazard tape
Question 8:
Loose cords and wires can cause ______.
Answer: electrical hazards
Question 9:
Glare and ______ on the screen should be prevented.
Answer: reflections
Question 10:
The keyboard should have a matt surface to avoid _____ glare.
Answer: reflective
Unit 4. Maintain Healthy, Safe and Secure Working Environment
Chapter 14 Workplace Quality Measures
C. State whether the following statements are True or False.
Question 1:
The work environment of the organisation must be free from hazards and risk.
Answer: True
Question 2:
Practice a no vehicle day in every week to avoid air pollution.
Answer: True
Question 3:
Applying ergonomics can improve performance and productivity.
Answer: True
Question 4:
Wear rings, watches and necklaces while working on the computer.
Answer: False
Question 5:
Never touch or try repairing any electrical equipment or circuits with wet hands.
Answer: True
Question 6:
Unplug all power sources and cables from computer while working on computer.
Answer: True
Question 7:
Occupational overuse syndrome, also known as repetition strain injury.
Answer: True
Question 8:
The work chair must be stable and allow the user to move easily.
Answer: True
Question 9:
Artificial lighting from computer screens can cause sleeping problems.
Answer: True
Question 10:
The keyboard and mouse should not be kept at the same level.
Answer: False
Unit 4. Maintain Healthy, Safe and Secure Working Environment
Chapter 14 Workplace Quality Measures
D. Answer the given questions.
Question 1:
What causes the water pollution?
Answer: The causes of Water Pollution are:-
- Extensive use of fertilizers and pesticides makes the groundwater polluted.
- The sewage or the waste water can also cause water pollution.
- Factories discharge toxic chemicals, heavy metals, and other pollutants into water sources without proper treatment.
- Dumping plastic, garbage, and other non-biodegradable waste into water bodies leads to long-term water pollution.
Question 2:
What is occupational overuse syndrome?
Answer: Occupational overuse syndrome, also known as repetition strain injury (RSI), is a collective term for a range of conditions, characterised by discomfort or persistent pain in muscles, tendons, and other soft tissues, with or without physical manifestations.
It is usually caused or aggravated by work, and is associated with repetitive movement, sustained or constrained postures and/or
forceful movements.
Question 3:
What are musculoskeletal problems?
Answer: Musculoskeletal problems include different areas of your body, such as the neck, back, chest, arms shoulders, and feet. It occurs because of your wrong posture, uncomfortable chair for sitting that is not ergonomically correct while working on the computer.
Question 4:
What cautions to be taken while working on the computer?
Answer: It is important to work safely on computer. The cautions to be taken while working of the computer are –
- Use a surge protector when you plug your system in.
- Remove rings, watches and necklaces while working on the computer.
- Unplug all power sources and cables from the computer, when you are not working or it is not required.
- A battery backup system is the best way to protect against a power outage, because it provides the system with constant voltage.
Question 5:
Why there is no right way to use a laptop?
Answer: In laptop the screen and keyboard are very close together and there is really no right way to use a laptop because if you position the screen at the right height for your back and neck, it will cause you to have to lift your arms and shoulders too high to use it and vice versa. It will probably cause a problem.
To overcome this problem, you may use desktop that is set up ergonomicallycorrect, while working for long hours.
Question 6:
What causes eye strain and how to avoid it?
Answer: Causes for eye strain are –
- The computer’s bright light, glare, and flickering images can cause eye strain and visual fatigue.
- When you constantly focus on the screen, you forget about blinking your eyes which can cause drying eyes.
- Computer Vision Syndrome is caused by poor lighting and glare on the computer screen.
To reduce the risks of visual problems:
- Adjust the brightness of the computer screen to save your eyes from strain.
- Reposition the screen to avoid glare from lights or windows.
- Keep a proper vision distance from the computer screen and blink your eyes at intervals.
- Wear anti-glare glasses while working on the computer.
- Keep the screen clean and use a desk lamp to make it easier to see.
- Give your eyes periodic breaks from the screen and perform frequent blinking. Follow the rule of 30:30:30. It means to focus on something 30 metres away for 30 seconds every 30 minutes.
Question 7:
What type of display screen is suitable to work on the computer?
Answer: Use modern LED monitors of legible size and with adequate spacing between the characters and lines. The image on the screen should be stable, with no flickering or other forms of instability. The screen must be free of reflective glare and reflections liable to cause discomfort to the user.
Question 8:
What type of keyboard is suitable to work on the computer?
Answer: The suitable type of keyboard is –
- The keyboard should tilt and separate from the screen to find a comfortable working position and avoid fatigue in the arms or hands.
- The keyboard should have a matt surface to avoid reflective glare.
- The symbols on the keys must be adequately contrasted and legible from the design working position.
